The forces responsible for stabilizing nucleic acid structures include non-covalent intramolecular interactions between the bases, magnitude of the Gibbs free energy and the thermodynamic relationships between enthalpy and entropy changes.
Two different forces and interactions govern the stability, including: 1) Occuring in the plane of the bases (horizontal); most commonly hydrogen bonds; b) Occuring perpendicular to the base planes or "base stacking" effects; these are stabilized by London dispersion forces and the hydrophobic effect. 1. Under the influence of a hydrogen bond, the H becomes more electropositive and becomes a better donor. 2. Stacking is a diffusion controlled, additive, and stabilized by two separate forces: hydrophobic effect and London dispersion forces.
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